1. Analyze
The analysis stage is conducted to understand the learning needs and characteristics of students. The analysis includes: learning objectives, student characteristics, suitable materials to be developed, and media usage conditions. This stage ensures that the media is relevant and effective for the specific learning context (Branch, 2009).
2. Design
This stage includes storyboarding and multimedia presentation planning. The design includes slide sequences, text, images, audio, and navigation buttons such as "Next," "Back," and "Main Menu." Colors, fonts, and visual elements are arranged based on the multimedia design principles proposed by Mayer (2021).
3. Development
At this stage, the design is transformed into a tangible product using software such as PowerPoint, Canva, or Articulate Storyline. Interactive elements, audio narration, video, and quizzes are added. Once completed, check the functionality of buttons and animations, then export it to video format (.MP4) for widespread use.
4. Implementation
Products are piloted with students to determine effectiveness and ease of use. Teachers or researchers observe how students interact with the media and gather feedback for improvement.
5. Evaluation
Evaluation takes two forms: formative and summative. Formative evaluation is conducted during development through testing by material experts, media experts, and student trials. Summative evaluation is conducted after implementation to assess the media's effectiveness in improving learning outcomes (Tessmer, 1993).
Reference
Branch, R. M. (2009). *Instructional design: The ADDIE approach.* Springer.
Mayer, R.E. (2021). *Multimedia learning* (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Tessmer, M. (1993). *Planning and conducting formative evaluations: Improving the quality of education and training.* Kogan Page.
The findings indicate that respondents desire authentic, situation-based materials relevant to tourism industry practices. They stated that learning connected to real-world contexts, particularly at tourist attractions, can improve their communication skills, confidence, and preparation for employment in the tourism sector.
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